Putin condemns Israel’s attack in call with Trump and offers to mediate.

Iran’s oil ministry said that the gas depot, the Shahran fuel depot, was hit and set on fire. An official with the ministry said the depots at the facility, which has 11 storage tanks, were exploding one after another and threatened to significantly damage residential neighborhoods in the area. A resident whose high-rise apartment is directly across from the depot said the force of the explosions felt like an earthquake, and multiple witnesses said the fire was spreading and lighting up the mountains around Tehran.

Israeli air defense systems late on Saturday were intercepting Iranian ballistic missiles as explosions lit up the sky over Jerusalem. Images on Israeli television indicated that many of the missiles fired in the latest barrage from Iran were also aimed for the first time at the northern city of Haifa.

The Israeli military announced on social media that its air force was attacking military targets in Iran, as Iranian state news media also confirmed that Tehran had launched its own new round of missile attacks on Israel.

The days-old conflict is the most intense fighting in decades between the two heavily armed countries, and it has stirred anxiety over the prospect of an increasingly deadly conflict that could draw in the United States and other major powers.

In sweeping attacks that started early Friday, Israel had focused on Iranian nuclear sites, air defenses and military targets. But earlier on Saturday, it went a step further, targeting an energy industry that is vital to Iran’s economy, according to Iran’s oil ministry. Israeli strikes also appeared to focus on Tehran, the Iranian capital, taking out the city’s air defenses.

Brig. Gen. Effie Defrin, the Israeli military’s chief spokesman, said its forces had achieved “freedom of action” in the skies over Tehran, indicating they could strike targets without expecting major interference from Iran.

The Israeli strikes have killed more than 70 people, including six top security chiefs, and damaged Iran’s main nuclear site at Natanz.

Iran, in turn, has launched barrages of ballistic missiles and drones at Israel, targeting what it says are military assets, but with less apparent success. At least three people have been killed and dozens wounded in the attacks.

Israel has conducted roughly 150 strikes on Iran over two days, while Iranian forces have fired roughly 200 ballistic missiles at Israeli territory in addition to scores of drones, according to an Israeli military official.

Here’s what else to know:

• Israeli attack on the Houthis: In an apparent bid to cripple one of Iran’s strongest-remaining proxy forces in the region, Israel targeted a meeting of Houthi leadership in Yemen on Saturday night, according to Israeli officials who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss operational details.

• Nuclear talks scuttled: The salvos of missiles scuttled talks between the United States and Iran on the future of Iran’s nuclear program. The talks had been scheduled to resume in Oman on Sunday, but American and Omani officials said they had been canceled. Read more ›

• Washington’s view: The United States’ possible role in the spiraling conflict remains unclear. While Israeli officials had hoped the Trump administration would participate in a joint attack, Secretary of State Marco Rubio denied U.S. involvement in the strikes. But President Trump also did not call for Israel to rein in its assault, and U.S. officials said they were moving warships and other military assets in the Middle East to help protect Israel and American troops in the region.

• Top Iranians killed: Iran’s Armed Forces issued a statement on Saturday saying Israel had killed two additional senior military commanders, bringing to six the total number of Iran’s top military chain of command killed since Friday. Ali Shamkhani, who had been overseeing the nuclear talks with the United States, had also been killed officials said.

Mr. Trump confirmed in a post on social media that he had spoken with Mr. Putin, saying that the two men had “talked at length” about the conflict between Israel and Iran but offering no details.

“He feels, as do I, this war in Israel-Iran should end,” Mr. Trump wrote, “to which I explained, his war should also end.” He said the initial purpose of the call was for Mr. Putin “to very nicely wish me a Happy Birthday.”

The call came as Israel and Iran continued to pummel each other with intense airstrikes for a second day. The clash began on Friday when Israel bombarded Iran with dozens of missiles, targeting nuclear sites and wiping out much of the country’s military chain of command. Israel justified the attack as necessary to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon.

Mr. Trump has not called for Israel to rein in its assault, and he initially praised the onslaught as “excellent.” U.S. officials have said they are moving warships and other military assets in the Middle East to help protect Israel and American troops in the region. But Mr. Ushakov said Mr. Trump had agreed in the phone call that the situation was “very alarming.”

A round of talks between Washington and Tehran on the future of Iran’s nuclear program had been scheduled to take place in Oman on Sunday, but it was canceled because of the conflict between Israel and Iran, officials said on Saturday. Mr. Trump has urged Iran to resume those talks and make a deal “before there is nothing left.”

During the telephone call, Mr. Putin also confirmed that Moscow was willing to hold another round of direct talks with Ukraine after June 22, as agreed, Mr. Ushakov said.

Russia and Ukraine resumed direct talks in Istanbul in May for the first time in three years at Mr. Trump’s urging. Mr. Putin said an exchange of prisoners, including some who were seriously wounded, as well as the bodies of killed soldiers was taking place, as agreed during the last round of negotiations.

The Israeli government said 17 missile impact sites had been identified across the country after Iran launched hundreds of missiles and drones at Israel between Friday evening and Saturday morning. The strikes were in retaliation for Israeli attacks earlier in the day. Three civilians in Israel were killed and over 170 wounded, including seven soldiers, the authorities said.

It was not immediately clear whether the damage and deaths had been caused by the missiles themselves or interceptors sent to shoot them down, or falling fragments of both. The Israeli military said both missiles and interceptors had hit areas in Israel but declined to give details.

The damaged high-rise in central Tel Aviv was near a government quarter and the military’s headquarters. Residents who had evacuated from their high-rise complex after it was struck on Friday lined up to speak with a municipal official at a makeshift checkpoint near the impact site. Many appeared shaken.

Amit Tzur-Amrani, 26, said she and her husband were huddled in a fortified room in their apartment on Friday when the air-raid alarms went off after 9 p.m. Then there was a loud blast and smoke poured into their shelter.

“We covered our faces with towels to escape,” she said. “I was afraid I’d die in the shelter.”

Struggling to see in the dark, they ran through a hallway and found their entire floor was wrecked. “You couldn’t recognize anything,” she said. “There’s no more house.”

Like dozens of residents in the area, she will be housed in a hotel until the building can be made habitable again. Because her building was directly hit, Ms. Tzur-Amrani will not be allowed to enter it to retrieve belongings for at least a week, the municipal office said.

People from the Rishon LeZion suburb — and some curious visitors — came out to inspect the damage of a strike that had killed two people in a two-story home, one of hundreds of houses in the dense neighborhood of palm-lined streets, cul-de-sacs and alleys.

Shards of glass and plastic littered the street for at least 100 yards. Cars had shattered windshields, and many houses were missing roof tiles.

The sight was not entirely unfamiliar to residents. Rishon LeZion, like other cities in central and southern Israel, has previously been hit by some of the thousands of rockets launched from Gaza since the Oct. 7, 2023, attack that ignited the war there.

“We are already practiced,” said Tzabari Malachi, 65, who lives near the destroyed home. On Saturday, he watched the tumult on the street from his balcony.

Still, he said, the effect of the recent strikes in his neighborhood is different, both materially and emotionally.

Mr. Malachi said he was at home with his wife, sons and two of his small grandchildren when the missile hit, around 5 a.m. on Saturday. The impact shook his house and blew open the door to his fortified room. After a few minutes, he emerged onto the street to see ambulances and bloodied people rushing for help.

“It’s harrowing, beyond explanation,” Mr. Malachi said.

Iran is one of the world’s major energy producers. It has the second-largest gas reserves in the world and fourth-largest crude oil reserves.

Videos posted to social media and verified by The Times showed a large fire burning at the South Pars gas refinery in Iran’s southern Bushehr Province.

The explosions took production lines at both facilities offline, the ministry statement said, even as firefighters and emergency crew had largely contained the blazes.

An Israeli military spokesman did not respond to a request for comment on the strikes.

The attacks on Iran’s energy infrastructure on the second day of the Israel-Iran conflict represented a widening of the fighting, which began on Friday with Israel launching attacks on Iran’s military and nuclear sites and assassinating its top military chain of command. Iran retaliated by firing ballistic missiles and drones on Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Both sides have said the fighting will go on despite international calls for de-escalation.

“We have entered the second phase of the war, which is extremely dangerous and destructive,” said Abdollah Babakhani, an expert on Iran’s energy sector based in Germany. Attacking Iran’s energy infrastructure, he added, “will be a disaster because repairing them will be costly and take time.”

A senior official at the oil ministry said that the ministry had previously placed its staff at refineries and energy fields on full alert and its emergency and fire crews on highest alert, anticipating that Israel might target energy infrastructure. The official said that damages were still being assessed and officials were holding a series of emergency meetings.

Iran’s president, Masoud Pezeshkian, said that in light of Israel’s attacks across Iran, the country would launch a fiercer retaliation strike on Israel, Iranian news media reported.

Hamid Hosseini, a member of Iran’s Chamber of Commerce energy committee, said that, in addition to the two attacks on infrastructure sites, Israel had also struck an office building in northern Tehran that belonged to the oil ministry. The building housed an engineering department involved in expanding Iran’s oil and energy fields, Mr. Hosseini said in a telephone interview.

Iran has been battling an acute energy crisis for months because of gas shortages. The country’s power plants and electricity production rely nearly completely on natural gas, and to manage the shortages, the government started scheduling widespread power cuts for residential, commercial and industrial usage.

The government has said the gas shortage is because demand outmatches production and economic sanctions have crippled Iran’s ability to upgrade and invest in its energy infrastructure.

Iranian news media reported that air defenses had been activated in several locations, including Bandar Abbas, Tabriz, Isfahan and Tehran, because of Israeli attacks late on Saturday night. Bandar Abbas is a major shipping port, and Isfahan and Tabriz both have energy refineries and military bases. Residents of Tehran said they could hear loud explosions and air defenses firing nonstop.

Tehran’s governor announced that government employees of Tehran province would work remotely until Wednesday with the exception of military, intelligence, banks, medical centers and municipal services, the state news agency IRNA reported.

It is not clear how far Israel intends to go in attacking Iran’s energy facilities, a crucial source of export cash for the country as well as domestic energy that looks particularly vulnerable.

“This is a first salvo into energy and a warning shot that Israel is willing to hit Iranian energy infrastructure if Israeli civilians are targeted,” said Richard Bronze, head of geopolitics at Energy Aspects, a research firm.

Other Iranian installations are at risk, analysts say.

“There is one clear target that would make it very easy if Israel or the United States wanted to impact Iran’s oil exports,” Homayoun Falakshahi, senior analyst for crude oil at Kpler, a research firm, said during a webinar on Friday. “And this is Kharg Island.”

Nearly all of Iran’s oil exports leave from tankers at berths around Kharg Island, a small coral land mass in the northern part of the Persian Gulf off the Iranian coast, potentially making it a target in a protracted war, analysts say.

Iran has been developing another terminal in Jask, a coastal city just outside the Strait of Hormuz on the Gulf of Oman, but its capacity appears to be limited, Mr. Falakshahi said.

Israel’s energy system also looks exposed, analysts say, which could potentially restrain its attacks.

Were the fighting to escalate to major energy installations across the region, the consequences could be serious not only for Iran and its neighbors but for their customers, especially in Asia, and world markets.

Oil prices have already jumped since the Israeli attack early Friday. Any escalation that might appear to threaten international supplies could send prices soaring.

Iran’s coastline stretches along the northern shore of the Strait of Hormuz, a narrow passageway through which tankers and other ships must pass on their way from the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. Iran has a history of interfering with shipping in the area.

Kpler has estimated that 21 percent of the world’s liquefied natural gas, most of it from Qatar, flowed through this gauntlet in 2024. A hefty 14 million barrels of crude oil a day also moves through the strait, according to Kpler’s estimates.

The conflict with Israel comes at a delicate point for Iran’s petroleum industry, which is a crucial pillar for its economy and its ability to fund its nuclear program.

Strikes on the Iranian facilities could potentially negate years of effort to rebuild production from the low levels at the beginning of this decade when President Trump pulled out of a deal reached by President Barack Obama under which Iran agreed to curbs on its nuclear program in return for an easing of sanctions, including on its oil sales.

Oil production in Iran has increased around 75 percent to about 3.4 million barrels a day from depressed 2020 levels, while exports have roughly tripled, according to estimates from the International Energy Agency and Kpler.

FGE, an energy consulting firm, estimates that Iranian energy export revenues, including oil products and electricity, have almost quadrupled since 2020 to $78 billion in 2024.

Even before the Israeli strikes, Iran faced major handicaps. Although it has some of the world’s richest troves of oil and natural gas, it has strained to exploit them largely because of protracted political tensions with the West dating to the establishment of the Islamic Republic in 1979.

These frictions have kept Western firms from working in Iran for years.

Lack of capital and expertise has limited development of oil and natural gas fields and access to major investment projects like liquefied natural gas facilities that might have benefited the Iranian industry.

Qatar, whose huge gas fields in the Persian Gulf border Iran’s, has become rich through L.N.G. development with western partners like Shell and Exxon Mobil, which allow the natural gas to be exported to Europe and Asia.

Despite having large natural gas resources, Iran has recently struggled to produce enough fuel to prevent power cuts.

Much of Iran’s petroleum infrastructure, including the refineries that supply products like gasoline to local markets, are old. If these facilities suffered significant damage, Iran “might struggle more than maybe other countries” to find the spare parts and international support to repair them, Mr. Bronze said.

Sanctions also mean that few customers are willing to buy Iranian oil. Nearly all of Iran’s crude exports go to China. The main buyers are small refiners there, known as “teapots” Mr. Falakshahi said, that are able to extract a substantial discount of up to $7 a barrel from the Iranians.

If those refiners were unable to buy Iranian crude, they would need to look elsewhere, potentially tightening global markets.

Even before the current conflict, signs were emerging of pressure on Iranian oil exports. The Trump administration has been tightening sanctions that saw a de facto easing in the Biden administration. Chinese imports dropped substantially in May, according to Kpler’s estimates.

Analysts say Israel’s energy infrastructure could also prove vulnerable.

Already, the Israeli government has as a precaution ordered a production halt at two of the country’s three offshore natural gas platforms, including Leviathan, which is operated by Chevron. Gas fuels most of Israel’s electric power generation. If this stoppage continued, it could also reduce or halt gas exports to Egypt, hurting customers there.

Israel is also heavily dependent on imported oil brought through the port of Ashkelon in the south of the country. “They are also very fragile,” Mr. Falakshahi said of Israel.

The Saudis and the United Arab Emirates have worked in recent years to ease tensions with Iran and head off future incidents like the attack on a Saudi Aramco facility called Abqaiq in 2018 that temporarily knocked out about half of the kingdom’s export capacity. Those attacks were claimed by the Houthi militant group in Yemen, but the United States at the time blamed Iran for them.

Analysts have said it is conceivable that if Iran feels sufficiently threatened, it could target petroleum installations in those countries again.

“The question is,” Mr. Bronze said, how would Iran respond “if it feels like its core economic interests, its energy system, have been attacked.”

Farnaz Fassihi contributed reporting.

“Everyone is speaking about Iran now,” said Khalil al-Halabi, a 71-year-old retired U.N. official living in a partially destroyed home in Gaza City. “Gaza has become a secondary matter.”

Aid distribution sites in Gaza have been shuttered since Friday morning, which was shortly after the initial Israeli attacks on Iran began.

Finding flour, Mr. al-Halabi said, had become a nightmare for his family, with some street vendors selling a 55-pound sack for more than $350 dollars.

More concerning, he said, was that the Israel-Iran conflict could undermine desperately needed efforts to hammer out a cease-fire in Gaza.

Repeated efforts to clinch a deal between Israel and Hamas have failed in recent months, with Israel saying it would end the war only after dismantling Hamas, and Hamas saying it will not surrender.

Sharif al-Buheisi, 56, a resident of Deir al-Balah, in central Gaza, said he thought the war would continue regardless of the fight between Israel and Iran.

“Israel and Hamas are in agreement about the continuation of the war,” he said. “They both benefit in their own way.”

Still, Mr. al-Buheisi, who was a university administrator before the war, said that any diminished focus on Gaza would have negative consequences for Palestinians. He argued that Israel would now be able to make contentious moves “without a real response from the international community.”

In particular, he said, he worried that the international community would not put enough pressure on Israel to fix the new system for delivering aid to Palestinians, which has had a chaotic, and often deadly, roll out.

Mr. al-Buheisi, who said he has hypertension, said the system was not an option for him because he could not fight through frequently unruly crowds of people to get a box of handout food.

Since the new aid effort began in May, scores of hungry and desperate Palestinians have been killed or wounded on their way to collect parcels of food at aid distribution sites in Gaza, which is operated by American security contractors. Palestinian witnesses say at least some of them were killed by Israeli soldiers who guard the perimeters of these aid sites.

The Israeli military has said that its forces have fired warning shots toward people advancing in what was described as a threatening manner.

Mr. al-Halabi, the former U.N. official, said the world’s shifting attention was a reminder of the helpless situation of Palestinians in Gaza.

“We’re living through misery here,” he said. “But what can we do?”

Speaking on Friday evening, Mr. Macron said the postponement would be brief with a new date to be set in the coming days. It was needed because leaders in the region, including Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian Authority president, would be unable to travel because of the fighting.

“For logistical, physical, security and political reasons, they could not get to New York,” Mr. Macron said. But he added that the movement toward a two-state outcome symbolized by the conference was “unstoppable.”

That view is not shared by the United States or Israel, both of which had indicated that they would not attend the conference. The United States, in a cable a few days ago that was first reported by Reuters, urged countries to shun the talks, which it said would “coerce Israel during a war, thereby supporting its enemies.”

France, like a growing number of European states, including many that have previously supported Israel, has taken the view that the most right-wing government in Israel’s history is leading the country down a destructive blind alley at devastating cost in Palestinian lives. This conviction has driven France to seek a political framework for the aftermath of the war in Gaza that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel has persistently declined to outline.

“Whatever the circumstances, I have stated my determination to recognize a Palestinian state,” Mr. Macron said on Friday. “That determination is whole, and it is a sovereign decision.”

Among his many utterances on the subject, this was perhaps his most forthright, possibly reinforced by disquiet or irritation over the Israeli attack on Iran. Mr. Macron said that Iran’s uranium enrichment program “without any civilian justification” gave Israel legitimate cause to defend itself, but that France did not support Mr. Netanyahu’s decision to bomb Iran.

Turning to Gaza, Mr. Macron suggested that the decisions made by Mr. Netanyahu were bad for Israel’s security.

“When he leads a massive ground operation that kills so many civilians in Gaza, we consider that this is a betrayal of the history and identity of Israel and dangerous for the security of Israel today and tomorrow,” the French president said.

Similar statements by Mr. Macron in the run-up to the now delayed conference have angered Israel, which has accused him of leading “a crusade against the Jewish state.” Israel has also said that any decision to recognize a Palestinian state in the aftermath of the Oct. 7, 2023, Hamas-led attack on Israel would reward terrorism.

Tensions between France and Israel are running high, but Mr. Macron did speak to Mr. Netanyahu on Saturday.

Mr. Macron said he had told him that the Israeli strikes on Iran had created “a new era of war in the region” and should lead Israel to accept a cease-fire in Gaza, leading to the release of the Israeli hostages there and “political discussions.”

Video filmed by a witness in Tehran and verified by The New York Times showed thick black smoke billowing from the part of airport where military hangars are located.

Dozens of Israeli warplanes struck sites in Tehran overnight, including surface-to-air missile systems, as part of an effort to weaken the capital’s aerial defenses, the Israeli military said.

Brig. Gen. Effie Defrin, the Israeli military’s chief spokesman, told reporters, “Tehran is no longer immune.” He said dozens of Israeli fighter jets had flown over the Iranian capital for more than two hours overnight alongside drones now stationed there on a standing basis, showing that the Israeli military had achieved “freedom of action.”

“This is the deepest we have ever operated in Iran,” General Defrin said.

An Iranian missile struck homes south of Tel Aviv, Israel’s largest metropolitan area, killing two people, according to Israeli authorities.

These attacks followed the launch of Israel’s shock assault on Iran on Friday, which began with a surprise, predawn attack on an array of targets connected to the country’s nuclear program and military.

Iran later responded with waves of ballistic missiles and drones that sent Israelis scrambling for reinforced shelters. Israel has conducted roughly 150 strikes on Iran over two days, an Israeli military official said on Saturday afternoon, while Iranian forces have fired roughly 200 ballistic missiles at Israeli territory, in addition to scores of drones.

At least four top Iranian military figures have been killed by Israel. The Israeli military also said on Saturday that it had killed nine senior scientists and experts in the country’s nuclear program.

Iran said on Friday that at least 78 people had been killed and more than 300 wounded in the Israeli attacks. An updated figure was not yet available by Saturday.

An Iranian missile landed overnight in a residential area of Rishon LeZion, a city south of Tel Aviv, killing two Israelis and wounding 19, according to the Israeli authorities.

One of those killed was Yisrael Aloni, a 73-year-old man, said Moria Malka, a city spokeswoman. The identity of the second person killed, a woman, has not been made public.

Malachy Browne and Adam Rasgon contributed reporting.

Israel and Iran have closed their airspace since they began exchanging fire on Friday and Saturday, and neighboring Iraq, Jordan and Syria followed suit.

On Saturday, Iran’s state news media reported that Iran’s airspace would remain closed until 2 a.m. the next morning. And in Israel, Ben Gurion Airport remains closed until further notice. Israel’s three major airlines have also moved their fleets outside the country to prevent them from being damaged in Iranian airstrikes, the Israeli news media reported.

Jordan reopened its airspace at 7:30 a.m. on Saturday, and Syria’s Civil Aviation Authority also announced the full reopening of Syrian airspace to civilian air traffic. The Iraqi Civil Aviation Authority said that Iraq’s airspace would remain largely closed “in light of rising regional tensions”; on Saturday, it partly opened the country’s airspace to allow daylight flights in and out of Basra International Airport.

Some airlines canceled flights, while others altered their routes to avoid the conflict. Many carriers opted to fly over Saudi Arabia, while others flew over Turkey and Azerbaijan to avoid Iranian airspace, flight tracking data showed.

Emirates, a major carrier and Dubai’s flagship airline, canceled all flights to and connections via Iran, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon until Sunday. FlyDubai, a budget carrier, suspended flights to 16 destinations.

In Lebanon, Middle East Airlines, the national carrier, suspended its flights on Friday, sending rumors swirling through the country that something terrible was looming, given that the airline had continued flying throughout the conflict with Israel last year. By Saturday afternoon, the airline said its flights would resume.

Lufthansa, Germany’s largest commercial airline, said it was canceling all flights to Tehran and Tel Aviv until July 31, while all flights to Amman, Beirut and Iraq’s Erbil airport were canceled until June 20. United Airlines has paused all flights to and from Tel Aviv until July 31, and Delta Air Lines has canceled all flights from Tel Aviv to New York until Aug. 31.

On Friday, Air India, which flies over the Middle East to reach destinations in Europe and North America, canceled or diverted more than a dozen flights. In some cases, it was operating alternative extended routes in a bid to avoid further cancellations, the carrier said on Saturday. Two days earlier, Air India suffered its own unrelated deadly disaster when one of its commercial flights crashed in Ahmedabad, India, killing more than 270 people.

Falih Hassan contributed reporting.